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Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures

Certainly within the UK for a long period, with the possible exception of the period 1939–1945 (during the Second World War), there have been very few, if any, recorded cases of death of the occupants in a fire caused directly by the collapse of the structure. There have been unfortunate cases, however, of the fire fighters being trapped by a collapse of the structure, well after the completion of occupant evacuation. This relatively low incidence of deaths resulting from collapse does not imply that structural integrity (load-bearing response) is unimportant, but is rather a testimony to the soundness of structural design, detailing and construction over that period. It has already been noted that the general cause of deaths is asphyxiation, i.e. being overcome by smoke and gases, or by being trapped and then being unable to escape and then being exposed to the effects of heat. It is therefore extremely important to consider all the issues which can play a part in ensuring life safety in a fire affected structure